Blockchain Scaling: Obsessed with Integrity and The Big Ideal

Blockchain Scaling: Obsessed with Integrity and The Big Ideal
фото показано с : beincrypto.com

2022-6-3 04:19

Scaling the blockchain is about much more than money, trading and NFTs. It’s about a lofty ideal: integrity. Eli Ben-Sasson, Co-founder and President at StarkWare explains.

Blockchains will be the bedrock of financial transactions, we’re increasingly convinced. In a recent poll commissioned by my company, StarkWare Industries, some 53% of American respondents agreed that “cryptocurrency will be the future of finance.” The figure was almost 70% for the 25 to 34 age group.

But blockchains can’t cope with demand, which means they are slow and there are high gas fees. We’re hitting the ceiling on how much these decentralized networks can process. The solution is to reduce the amount of work that the computers – or “nodes” –of the blockchain need to perform for each transaction.

That’s really easy to do if we compromise on some of the founding values of blockchain. Yet it’s exceedingly difficult if we hold tight to them.

Algebra hits the headlines

The last week has been surreal for me. The algebra research I conducted years ago with other computer scientists is suddenly the basis of an $8 billion business, which is the biggest “layer 2” scaling solution for Ethereum. StarkWare, a company of just 80 people, just received this valuation in a Series D investment round. When people asked my reaction to this figure, they were bemused by my response. “We expected you to talk crypto, and instead you’ve floated off into philosophy,” laughed one friend.

I’d said the following to provoke this reaction. The great C. S. Lewis said that integrity is “doing the right thing, even when no one is watching.” Imagine if the world operated on this principle! It does on a tiny scale – on blockchain, where every node is watching everything.

For the last five years, I’ve been working with my old college friend Uri Kolodny, StarkWare’s CEO, and a talented team, to enable blockchain to do this on a big enough scale for the whole world to use it. This is not just about enabling transactions; it’s about delivering integrity. That’s why Lewis’ quote has become my company’s unofficial motto.

Different routes to scale

There are various options for creating scale. Let’s consider a couple of them before looking further at the algebra-based approach that I and others have taken.

One is to take some of the strain off the nodes of a well-established blockchain like Ethereum by diverting traffic to lots of connected networks called sidechains. This is an attractive idea in principle, but in practice, something valuable is lost.

Once you leave Ethereum for a sidechain, you also exit its robust security perimeter, overseen by a large number of nodes. Each and every sidechain decides and enforces its own security protocol, which is inevitably overseen by fewer nodes than Ethereum – the equivalent of an under-policed neighborhood. 

Blockchain scaling: Chips

Another seemingly attractive solution has a major security drawback. Chips called TEEs (Trusted Execution Environments) could outsource much of the computation currently performed by blockchains, as proposed by some companies and academics. Such chips can spit out a signed key that is written to the chain, concisely attesting that all computation done on the chip, off the blockchain, has been performed correctly.

Yet even the most secure of chips are at risk of being hacked, as a long list of breaches testifies. They include a weakness in Infineon’s “unhackable” SLE66 CL PE chip in 2010, and the identification in 2020 of flaws in the Intel Software Guard Extensions, which supposedly created enclaves, the contents of which aren’t supposed to be readable beyond the enclave.

Returning to my opening assertion, we urgently need to reduce the burden we’re inflicting per transaction on blockchain nodes in order to make crypto mainstream. But as we’re starting to see, a road paved with good intentions can lead to hell.

I feel we have a single overwhelming obligation to the billions who will entrust blockchain with their money, other assets, data and more. It’s to scale using the most objective and uncontested definition of truth – that given by math. I want a reality whereby you just can’t cheat the system any more than you can argue with the mathematical fact that 1+1=2.

Using math to scale

Talking about proofs sounds abstract, so let’s be more specific. They are protocols designed to convince anyone who observes them that computations were done the right way, even when no one was watching. This is much like a geometry proof convinces us that two triangles are the same. But, in sharp contrast to the proofs we used in high school, our proofs are easy for computers to check. In fact, using the same computational effort that would be used to mint a single NFT directly on Ethereum, proof-based technology mints tens of thousands.

We’re living through a Cambrian explosion of mathematical proof systems, with SNARKs, BulletProofs, PLONKs and Halos being tested and deployed on blockchains. The system that I co-invented, STARK, requires the prover to submit a proof that is an annotated log of the computation performed, to attest to the integrity of many transactions.

A lean piece of software, the verifier, now checks that the computation is valid, but without any need to repeat the computation conducted by the prover, nor to read the submitted log. Rather, the verifier conducts random sampling of entries from that log and the number patterns in those samples provide all the information that is needed to ascertain computational integrity.

Blockchain scaling: Valid computation

If the computation is valid, and only if it is valid, the verifier will deem the proof legitimate and agree to accept the transactions to the blockchain. There can be hundreds of thousands of transactions “rolled up” into a single proof of 80 kilobytes — far less than the size of a smartphone photo — before it is added to the blockchain.

There is no hardware that can be hacked, just peer-reviewed and publicly scrutinized math and its implementation in publicly-available software code. This software alone verifies the proof, and it is the only thing needed to enforce integrity at a huge scale, by simple means.

Tomorrow’s blockchain

There’s no question that blockchain will become more widespread. But there’s a big question regarding how it will look tomorrow. Will it reflect the founding vision well? Or will it make huge compromises to become mainstream?

My belief is that we can stick to our original guns, and have scale. Or as I like to put it, we can have our crypto cake and eat it too.

What is more, build a scaling system on math and you don’t just make it super-secure for today, but also for tomorrow. Because computers will advance, and perhaps even evolve to harness quantum phenomena that would break many prevailing encryption schemes. Quality cryptographic systems like STARK’s will have enduring validity just as surely as Pi will remain (to cite just the first 10 digits) 3.1415926535. They have the power to deliver integrity today – and for future generations.

About the author

Eli Ben-Sasson is a co-inventor of the STARK, FRI and Zerocash protocols and a Founding Scientist of the Zcash Company. Over the years he held research positions at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, Harvard and MIT, and, most recently, was a Professor of CS at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. He left this post to co-found StarkWare. Today he leads the company, as President, together with co-founder and CEO Uri Kolodny.  

Got something to say about blockchain scaling or anything else? Write to us or join the discussion in our Telegram channel. You can also catch us on Tik Tok, Facebook, or Twitter.

The post Blockchain Scaling: Obsessed with Integrity and The Big Ideal appeared first on BeInCrypto.

Similar to Notcoin - Blum - Airdrops In 2024

origin »

IDEALCOIN (IDEAL) на Currencies.ru

$ 0.0039973 (+0.00%)
Объем 24H $0
Изменеия 24h: 0.00 %, 7d: 0.00 %
Cегодня L: $0.0039973 - H: $0.0039973
Капитализация $0 Rank 99999
Доступно / Всего 0 IDEAL

blockchain scaling integrity ideal big obsessed explains

blockchain scaling → Результатов: 126


BSV Global Blockchain announces key topics and speakers at the Dubai convention

BSV Global Blockchain Convention is pleased to announce a series of panel discussions, presentations, and speakers to take place at the Grand Hyatt, Dubai between 24 May and 26 May 2022. The BSV Global Blockchain Convention is the only event in the world that focuses solely on the massively scaling public blockchain ecosystem – last week it […] Сообщение BSV Global Blockchain announces key topics and speakers at the Dubai convention появились сначала на Coinstelegram.

2022-5-8 15:04


A 'lingua franca' facilitating crypto adoption: Interview with Yellow COO Sergii Kashchenko

Yellow is an ecosystem of products and services for Web3 on the blockchain network. It combines the order books of all participants with global scaling that is powered by cutting-edge state channel teThe post A 'lingua franca' facilitating crypto adoption: Interview with Yellow COO Sergii Kashchenko appeared first on AMBCrypto.

2022-3-22 08:45


Фото:

Data Mynt integrates with Polygon to enable rapid payments 

Leading provider of cryptocurrency payment solutions Data Mynt integrated with the Polygon (MATIC/USD) full-stack scaling solution, Invezz learned from a press release on PR News Wire. Partners to benefit from rapid blockchain payments and low fees Data Mynt and its retailers, merchants, and other partners will benefit from this development as Polygon, an Ethereum (ETH/USD) […] The post Data Mynt integrates with Polygon to enable rapid payments  appeared first on Invezz.

2022-3-18 08:56


BitDAO allocates $633 million in funding for Innovative DAOs

BitDAO has announced that it is allocated $633 million in funding from the BitDAO treasury to projects in the blockchain ecosystem, including a focus on Gaming with support for @game7_official, ETH Scaling via @zkdao_official and education with funding for @Edu_DAO Describing themselves as the builders on Twitter BitDAO are encouraging others to join them in […] The post BitDAO allocates $633 million in funding for Innovative DAOs appeared first on CryptoSlate.

2022-3-4 03:20


Фото:

Pocket Network Announces Extended Partnership With DeFi Blockchain Fuse

Pocket Network and Fuse have extended their partnership. This after the two blockchain companies reported an exponential growth since they forged the partnership. “Pocket Network enables potentially limitless scaling for RPC read calls for Fuse – it’s exciting to see how scalable and open-source financial infrastructure is being built through this partnership,” said Mark Smargon, […]

2022-2-22 21:27


Фото:

Harmony price surges after Datachain partnership to bridge with Cosmos: here is where to buy it

The Harmony price is on the rise after Harmony blockchain approved a grant for Datachain blockchain to create a bridge between Harmony and Cosmos. Datachain’s experience in building interoperability solutions using trustless intermediaries is peerless is expected to push Harmony a step closer towards scaling cross-chain finance To help investors and traders who are eyeing […] The post Harmony price surges after Datachain partnership to bridge with Cosmos: here is where to buy it appeared first on Invezz.

2022-1-14 14:00


Binance учредила фонд на $1 млрд для развития экосистемы BSC

Криптовалютная биржа Binance объявила о запуске фонда на $1 млрд для развития и поддержки экосистемы Binance Smart Chain (BSC). It's time to accelerate #BinanceSmartChain's journey towards scaling and mass adoption 🚀We're announcing the biggest growth fund in the history of crypto – the $1 billion fund to push the adoption of not only BSC but the whole blockchain industry.

2021-10-12 17:01


Best Projects on Polygon [2021] – Best DeFi Coins On Polygon

What is Polygon? Polygon used to be known as Matic Network, it is a layer 2 scaling solution to the blockchain world. Considering how difficult it is and how expensive it is to be in the ETH world, polygon seeks to resolve all the problems of the ETH blockchain and any other chain that might […] The post Best Projects on Polygon [2021] – Best DeFi Coins On Polygon appeared first on CaptainAltcoin.

2021-9-29 16:14